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本文轉(zhuǎn)自哈佛校長(zhǎng)德魯·吉爾平·福斯特于2008年畢業(yè)典禮演講：
In the curious custom of this venerable institution, I find myself standing before you expected to impart words of lasting wisdom. Here I am in a pulpit, dressed like a Puritan minister — an apparition that would have horrified many of my distinguished forebears and perhaps rededicated some of them to the extirpation of witches. This moment would have propelled Increase and Cotton into a true “Mather lather.” But here I am and there you are and it is the moment of and for Veritas.
在這所久負(fù)盛名的大學(xué)的別具一格的儀式上，我站在了你們的面前，被期待著給予一些蘊(yùn)含著恒久智慧的言論。站在這個(gè)講壇上，我穿得像個(gè)清教徒教長(zhǎng)——一個(gè)可能會(huì)嚇到我的杰出前輩們的怪物，或許使他們中的一些人重新致力于鏟除巫婆的事業(yè)上。這個(gè)時(shí)刻也許曾激勵(lì)了很多清教徒成為教長(zhǎng)。但現(xiàn)在，我在上面，你們?cè)谙旅?，此時(shí)此刻，屬于真理，為了真理。
You have been undergraduates for four years. I have been president for not quite one. You have known three presidents; I one senior class. Where then lies the voice of experience? Maybe you should be offering the wisdom. Perhaps our roles could be reversed and I could, in Harvard Law School style, do cold calls for the next hour or so.
你們已經(jīng)在哈佛做了四年的大學(xué)生，而我當(dāng)哈佛校長(zhǎng)還不到一年。你們認(rèn)識(shí)了三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)，而我只認(rèn)識(shí)了你們這一屆大四的。算起來(lái)我哪有資格說什么經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談？或許應(yīng)該由你們上來(lái)展示一下智慧。要不我們換換位置？然后我就可以像哈佛法學(xué)院的學(xué)生那樣，在接下來(lái)的一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)不時(shí)地冷不防地提出問題。
We all do seem to have made it to this point — more or less in one piece. Though I recently learned that we have not provided you with dinner since May 22. I know we need to wean you from Harvard in a figurative sense. I never knew we took it quite so literally.
學(xué)校和學(xué)生們似乎都在努力讓時(shí)間來(lái)到這一時(shí)刻，而且還差不多是步調(diào)一致的。我這兩天才得知哈佛從5月22日開始就不向你們提供伙食了。雖然有比喻說“我們?cè)缤淼媒o你們斷奶”，但沒想到我們的后勤還真的早早就把“奶”給斷了。
But let's return to that notion of cold calls for a moment. Let's imagine this were a baccalaureate service in the form of Q & A, and you were asking the questions. “What is the meaning of life, President Faust? What were these four years at Harvard for? President Faust, you must have learned something since you graduated from college exactly 40 years ago?” （Forty years. I'll say it out loud since every detail of my life — and certainly the year of my Bryn Mawr degree — now seems to be publicly available. But please remember I was young for my class.）
現(xiàn)在還是讓我們回到我剛才提到的提問題的事上吧。讓我們?cè)O(shè)想下這是個(gè)哈佛大學(xué)給本科生的畢業(yè)服務(wù)，是以問答的形式。你們將問些問題，比如：“福校長(zhǎng)啊，人生的價(jià)值是什么呢？我們上這大學(xué)四年是為了什么呢？福校長(zhǎng)，你大學(xué)畢業(yè)到現(xiàn)在的40年里一定學(xué)到些什么東西可以教給我們吧？”
In a way, you have been engaging me in this Q & A for the past year. On just these questions, although you have phrased them a bit more narrowly. And I have been trying to figure out how I might answer and, perhaps more intriguingly, why you were asking.
在某種程度上，在過去的一年里你們一直都在讓我從事這種問答。從僅僅這些問題上，即使你們措辭問題都傾向于狹義，而我除了思考怎么做出回答外，更激發(fā)我去思考的，是你們?yōu)槭裁磫栠@些問題。
Let me explain. It actually began when I met with the UC just after my appointment was announced in the winter of 2007. Then the questions continued when I had lunch at Kirkland House, dinner at Leverett, when I met with students in my office hours, even with some recent graduates I encountered abroad. The first thing you asked me about wasn't the curriculum or advising or faculty contact or even student space. In fact, it wasn't even alcohol policy. Instead, you repeatedly asked me: Why are so many of us going to Wall Street? Why are we going in such numbers from Harvard to finance, consulting, i-banking?
聽我解釋。提問從2007年冬天我的任職被公布時(shí)與校方的會(huì)面就開始了。然后提問一直持續(xù)，不論是我在Kirkland House（哈佛的12個(gè)本科生宿舍之一）吃午飯還是在Leverett House（哈佛的12個(gè)本科生宿舍之一，本科高年級(jí)學(xué)生使用）吃晚飯，或是當(dāng)我在辦公時(shí)間與學(xué)生會(huì)見，甚至是我在與國(guó)外認(rèn)識(shí)的剛考來(lái)的研究生的談話中。你們問的***個(gè)問題不是關(guān)于課業(yè)，不是讓我提建議，也不是為了和教員接觸，甚至是想向我提建議。事實(shí)上，更不是為了和我討論酒精政策。相反，你們不厭其煩問的卻是：為什么我們之中這么多人將去華爾街？為什么我們大量的學(xué)生都從哈佛走向了金融，理財(cái)咨詢，投行？
There are a number of ways to think about this question and how to answer it. There is the Willie Sutton approach. You may know that when he was asked why he robbed banks, he replied, “Because that's where the money is.” Professors Claudia Goldin and Larry Katz, whom many of you have encountered in your economics concentration, offer a not dissimilar answer based on their study of student career choices since the seventies. They find it notable that, given the very high pecuniary rewards in finance, many students nonetheless still choose to do something else. Indeed, 37 of you have signed on with Teach for America; one of you will dance tango and work in dance therapy in Argentina; another will be engaged in agricultural development in Kenya; another, with an honors degree in math, will study poetry; another will train as a pilot with the USAF; another will work to combat breast cancer. Numbers of you will go to law school, medical school, and graduate school. But, consistent with the pattern Goldin and Katz have documented, a considerable number of you are selecting finance and consulting. The Crimson's survey of last year's class reported that 58 percent of men and 43 percent of women entering the workforce made this choice. This year, even in challenging economic times, the figure is 39 percent.
對(duì)于這個(gè)問題有多種思考和回答方式。有一種解釋就是如Willie Sutton所說的，一切向“錢”看。（Willie Sutton是個(gè)搶銀行犯，被逮住后當(dāng)被問到為什么去搶銀行時(shí)，他說：“Because that is where the money is!”）你們中很多人見過的普通經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授Claudia Goldin 和Larry Katz，基于對(duì)上世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)的學(xué)生的職業(yè)選擇的研究，作出了差不多的回答。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了值得注意的一點(diǎn)：即使從事金融業(yè)可以得到很高的金錢回報(bào)，很多學(xué)生仍然選擇做其它的事情。實(shí)事上，你們中間有37人簽到了“教育美國(guó)人”（Teach for America，美國(guó)的一個(gè)組織，其作用類似于中國(guó)的“希望工程”）；1人將去跳探戈舞蹈并在阿根廷從事舞蹈療法；1人將致力于肯尼亞的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展；另有1人獲得了數(shù)學(xué)的榮譽(yù)學(xué)位，卻轉(zhuǎn)而去研究詩(shī)歌；1人將去美國(guó)空軍接受飛行員訓(xùn)練；還有1人將加入到與乳癌抗戰(zhàn)當(dāng)中。你們中的很多人將去法學(xué)院，醫(yī)學(xué)院或研究生院。但是，和Goldin 和Katz教授有據(jù)證明的一樣，你們中相當(dāng)一部分人將選擇金融和理財(cái)咨詢。Crimson對(duì)于上屆學(xué)生的調(diào)查顯示，在就業(yè)的學(xué)生中，58%的男生和43%的女生做出了這個(gè)選擇。今年，即使在經(jīng)濟(jì)受挑戰(zhàn)的一年，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)是39%。
High salaries, the all but irresistible recruiting juggernaut, the reassurance for many of you that you will be in New York working and living and enjoying life alongside your friends, the promise of interesting work — there are lots of ways to explain these choices. For some of you, it is a commitment for only a year or two in any case. Others believe they will best be able to do good by first doing well. Yet, you ask me why you are following this path.
也許是為了高薪——難以抵抗的招聘誘惑，也許是為了留在紐約然后和朋友們一起工作生活和享受人生，也許是為了做自己感興趣的工作——對(duì)于這些選擇可以有各種各樣的理由。對(duì)你們中的一些人，無(wú)論如何那也只是個(gè)一兩年的契約。其他的一部分人相信他們只有在過得“富有”了以后才有可能過得“富有”價(jià)值。不過，你們依然會(huì)問我，為什么要走這條路？
I find myself in some ways less interested in answering your question than in figuring out why you are posing it. If Professors Goldin and Katz have it right; if finance is indeed the “rational choice,” why do you keep raising this issue with me? Why does this seemingly rational choice strike a number of you as not understandable, as not entirely rational, as in some sense less a free choice than a compulsion or necessity? Why does this seem to be troubling so many of you?
我發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己有時(shí)候?qū)τ诨卮鹉銈兊膯栴}并沒有多大興趣，比較而言更感興趣的卻是捉摸你們?yōu)槭裁刺崮切﹩栴}。如果果真如Goldin和Katz教授所說；如果去搞金融確實(shí)是一個(gè)“理性”的選擇，為什么你們會(huì)不停地向我提出這類問題？為什么看似理性的選擇卻讓你們當(dāng)中相當(dāng)一部分人認(rèn)為是令人費(fèi)解的，偽理性的，或出于某種需求和強(qiáng)迫所作出的并不自由的選擇？為什么這個(gè)問題似乎困擾著你們當(dāng)中的很多一部分人？
You are asking me, I think, about the meaning of life, though you have posed your question in code — in terms of the observable and measurable phenomenon of senior career choice rather than the abstract, unfathomable and almost embarrassing realm of metaphysics. The Meaning of Life — capital M, capital L — is a cliché — easier to deal with as the ironic title of a Monty Python movie or the subject of a Simpsons episode than as a matter about which one would dare admit to harboring serious concern.
我想，你們問我的是：關(guān)于人生價(jià)值的問題。雖然你們問得比較隱晦——即是些可以觀察和衡量的大四學(xué)生職業(yè)選擇的問題，而不是那抽象的，晦澀的，甚至?xí)钊穗y堪的形而上學(xué)范疇的問題。人生價(jià)值，要人生？還是要價(jià)值？作為Monty Python那部片子（指的是六人行里《人生的價(jià)值》那一集）的諷刺意味的片名是不難理解的，作為《辛普森一家》（美國(guó)特別受歡迎的動(dòng)畫連續(xù)劇）的其中一集的主題也是不難理解的，可是當(dāng)關(guān)系到“生存問題”的時(shí)候，就是不那么好辦了。
I think you are worried because you want your lives not just to be conventionally successful, but to be meaningful, and you are not sure how those two goals fit together. You are not sure if a generous starting salary at a prestigious brand name organization together with the promise of future wealth will feed your soul.But let's for a moment abandon our Harvard savoir faire, our imperturbability, our pretense of invulnerability, and try to find the beginnings of some answers to your question.
我覺得，你們之所以擔(dān)憂，是因?yàn)槟銈儾幌雰H僅是獲得傳統(tǒng)意義上的成功，而且要活得有價(jià)值。可是你們不清楚“魚”與“熊掌”怎樣才能“兼得”。你們不清楚是否，一家擁有***品牌的企業(yè)提供的數(shù)目可觀的并且預(yù)期著你未來(lái)財(cái)富的起薪，可以讓你們的靈魂得到滿足。那讓我們還是暫時(shí)摘下那戴著的哈佛面具，收起那缺乏熱情的冷漠，卸下我們看似刀槍不入的偽裝，讓我們嘗試去探尋你們問的一些問題的答案。
Why are you worried? Partly it is our fault. We have told you from the moment you arrived here that you will be the leaders responsible for the future, that you are the best and the brightest on whom we will all depend, that you will change the world. We have burdened you with no small expectations. And you have already done remarkable things to fulfill them: your dedication to service demonstrated in your extracurricular engagements, your concern about the future of the planet expressed in your vigorous championing of sustainability, your reinvigoration of American politics through engagement in this year's presidential contests.
然而，你們?yōu)槭裁磽?dān)憂呢？這部分地是我們的責(zé)任。當(dāng)你們一踏進(jìn)這個(gè)學(xué)校，我們就告訴你們：你們將成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)未來(lái)的中堅(jiān)人物，你們將成為美國(guó)人民依賴的最***、最杰出的精英，你們將改變整個(gè)世界。我們“望子成龍”的期望使你們背上了負(fù)擔(dān)。而你們?yōu)榱藢?shí)現(xiàn)這些期望也已經(jīng)做得很好：在對(duì)課外活動(dòng)的從事中，你們展示出對(duì)于服務(wù)性工作的奉獻(xiàn)精神；從對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的熱情擁護(hù)，你們表達(dá)出對(duì)這個(gè)星球的關(guān)懷；通過對(duì)今年總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選的參與，你們做出了希望使美國(guó)政治重新恢復(fù)活力的實(shí)際行動(dòng)。
But many of you are now wondering how these commitments fit with a career choice. Is it necessary to decide between remunerative work and meaningful work? If it were to be either/or, which would you choose? Is there a way to have both?You are asking me and yourselves fundamental questions about values, about trying to reconcile potentially competing goods, about recognizing that it may not be possible to have it all. You are at a moment of transition that requires making choices. And selecting one option — a job, a career, a graduate program — means not selecting others. Every decision means loss as well as gain — possibilities foregone as well as possibilities embraced. Your question to me is partly about that — about loss of roads not taken.
但你們中的很多人現(xiàn)在會(huì)問，“怎樣才能把做這些有價(jià)值的事情和一個(gè)職業(yè)選擇結(jié)合起來(lái)呢？”“是否必須在一份有報(bào)酬卻沒價(jià)值的工作和一份有價(jià)值卻沒報(bào)酬的工作間做出抉擇呢？”“如果是一個(gè)單選題，您會(huì)選哪一個(gè)？”“有沒有折中的辦法？”你們?cè)趩栁?，也是問你們自己?jiǎn)栴}，即關(guān)于價(jià)值觀的根本性的問題。你們?cè)谠噲D調(diào)解兩個(gè)商品潛在的相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，承認(rèn)也許不可能兼得兩者。你們?cè)诮?jīng)歷一次人生的轉(zhuǎn)折，而這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折需要你們自己做出一些決定。選擇一條道路——一份工作、一項(xiàng)事業(yè)或一個(gè)研究生課題——不單單是在選擇東西。每個(gè)決定都意味著“得”與“失”——過去與未來(lái)的種種可能。你們問我的問題其實(shí)有幾分是關(guān)于“失”，即你放棄的那條道路讓你失去了什么。
Finance, Wall Street, “recruiting” have become the symbol of this dilemma, representing a set of issues that is much broader and deeper than just one career path. These are issues that in one way or another will at some point face you all — as you graduate from medical school and choose a specialty — family practice or dermatology, as you decide whether to use your law degree to work for a corporate firm or as a public defender, as you decide whether to stay in teaching after your two years with TFA. You are worried because you want to have both a meaningful life and a successful one; you know you were educated to make a difference not just for yourself, for your own comfort and satisfaction, but for the world around you. And now you have to figure out the way to make that possible.
金融、華爾街，“招聘”一詞已經(jīng)成了這種博弈的符號(hào)，代表著比僅僅選擇一條職業(yè)道路更廣更深的一系列問題。這些問題早晚將面臨著你們每個(gè)人——如果你是從醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè)，你將選擇一個(gè)具體從醫(yī)方向——做私人醫(yī)生還是專攻皮膚病，如果你學(xué)的是法律，你將決定是用你的法律知識(shí)為一個(gè)公司法人賣命還是成為公眾的正義化身，或是在 “教育美國(guó)人”兩年后你決定是否繼續(xù)從教。你們之所以擔(dān)憂，是因?yàn)槟銈兿霌碛谐錆M價(jià)值的同時(shí)又是成功的人生；你們知道，你們被教育要有大的作為，不僅僅是為了個(gè)人，為了自己生活地舒適，而是要讓周圍的世界因此而改變。因此你們才不得不思考怎樣才能讓其成為可能。
I think there is a second reason you are worried — related to but not entirely distinct from the first. You want to be happy. You have flocked to courses like “Positive Psychology” — Psych 1504 — and “The Science of Happiness” in search of tips. But how do we find happiness? I can offer one encouraging answer: get older. Turns out that survey data show older people — that is, my age — report themselves happier than do younger ones. But perhaps you don't want to wait.
我認(rèn)為你們之所以擔(dān)憂有第二個(gè)原因——和***個(gè)有關(guān)系但不是完全一樣。你們希望過得幸福。你們蜂擁著去修“積極心理學(xué)”這門課——課程代號(hào)“心1504”——和“幸福的科學(xué)”這門課，不就是為了聽點(diǎn)人生“小貼士”？可是，我們?cè)鯓硬拍塬@得幸福？在這兒，我可以提供一個(gè)啟發(fā)性的答案：變老。調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示年長(zhǎng)的人——也就是我這把年紀(jì)的人——覺得自己比年輕人更幸福。不過，很可能你們沒有人愿意去等著去看這個(gè)答案。
I have listened to you talk about the choices ahead of you, I have heard you articulate your worries about the relationship of success and happiness — perhaps, more accurately, how to define success so that it yields and encompasses real happiness, not just money and prestige. The most remunerative choice, you fear, may not be the most meaningful and the most satisfying. But you wonder how you would ever survive as an artist or an actor or a public servant or a high school teacher? How would you ever figure out a path by which to make your way in journalism? Would you ever find a job as an English professor after you finished who knows how many years of graduate school and dissertation writing?
在聊天時(shí)我聽過你們談到你們目前所面臨的選擇，我聽到你們一字一句地說出你們對(duì)于成功與幸福的關(guān)系的憂慮——也許，更精確地講，怎樣去定義成功才能使它具有或包含真正的幸福，而不僅僅是金錢和榮譽(yù)。你們害怕，報(bào)酬最豐厚的選擇，也許不是最有價(jià)值的和最令人滿意的選擇。但是你們也擔(dān)心，如果作為一個(gè)藝術(shù)家或是一個(gè)演員，一個(gè)人民公仆或是一個(gè)中學(xué)老師，該如何才能生存下去？然而，你們可曾想過，如果你的夢(mèng)想是新聞業(yè)，怎樣才能想出一條通往夢(mèng)想的道路呢？難道你會(huì)在讀了不知多少年研，寫了不知多少畢業(yè)論文終于畢業(yè)后，找一個(gè)英語(yǔ)教授的工作？
The answer is: you won't know till you try. But if you don't try to do what you love — whether it is painting or biology or finance; if you don't pursue what you think will be most meaningful, you will regret it. Life is long. There is always time for Plan B. But don't begin with it.
答案是：你不試試就永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)知道。但如果你不試著去做自己熱愛的事情，不管是玩泥巴還是生物還是金融，如果連你自己都不去追求你認(rèn)為最有價(jià)值的事，你終將后悔。人生路漫漫，你總有時(shí)間去給自己留“后路”，但可別一開始就走“后路”。
I think of this as my parking space theory of career choice, and I have been sharing it with students for decades. Don't park 20 blocks from your destination because you think you'll never find a space. Go where you want to be and then circle back to where you have to be.You may love investment banking or finance or consulting. It might be just right for you. Or, you might be like the senior I met at lunch at Kirkland who had just returned from an interview on the West Coast with a prestigious consulting firm. “Why am I doing this?” she asked. “I hate flying, I hate hotels, I won't like this job.” Find work you love. It is hard to be happy if you spend more than half your waking hours doing something you don't.
我把這叫做我的關(guān)于職業(yè)選擇的“泊車”理論，幾十年來(lái)我一直都在向?qū)W生們“兜售”我的這個(gè)理論。不要因?yàn)榕碌搅四康牡卣也坏酵＼囄欢衍囃Ｔ诰嚯x目的地20個(gè)路口的地方。直接到達(dá)你想去的地方，哪怕再繞回來(lái)停，你暫時(shí)停的地方只是你被迫停的地方。你也許喜歡做投行，或是做金融抑或做理財(cái)咨詢。都可能是適合你的。那也許真的就是適合你的?；蛟S你也會(huì)像我在Kirkland House見到的那個(gè)大四學(xué)生一樣，她剛從美國(guó)西海岸一家***理財(cái)咨詢公司的面試回來(lái)。“我為什么要做這個(gè)？”她說，“我討厭坐飛機(jī)，我討厭住賓館，我是不會(huì)喜歡這份工作的。”找到你熱愛的工作。如果你把你一天中醒著的一大半時(shí)間用來(lái)做你不喜歡的事情，你是很難感到幸福的。
But what is ultimately most important here is that you are asking the question — not just of me but of yourselves. You are choosing roads and at the same time challenging your own choices. You have a notion of what you want your life to be and you are not sure the road you are taking is going to get you there. This is the best news. And it is also, I hope, to some degree, our fault. Noticing your life, reflecting upon it, considering how you can live it well, wondering how you can do good: These are perhaps the most valuable things that a liberal arts education has equipped you to do. A liberal education demands that you live self-consciously. It prepares you to seek and define the meaning inherent in all you do. It has made you an analyst and critic of yourself, a person in this way supremely equipped to take charge of your life and how it unfolds. It is in this sense that the liberal arts are liberal — as in liberare — to free. They empower you with the possibility of exercising agency, of discovering meaning, of making choices. The surest way to have a meaningful, happy life is to commit yourself to striving for it. Don't settle. Be prepared to change routes. Remember the impossible expectations we have of you, and even as you recognize they are impossible, remember how important they are as a lodestar guiding you toward something that matters to you and to the world. The meaning of your life is for you to make.I can't wait to see how you all turn out. Do come back, from time to time, and let us know.
但是我在這兒說的最重要的是：你們?cè)趩柲切﹩栴}——不僅是問我，而是在問你們自己。你們正在選擇人生的道路，同時(shí)也在對(duì)自己的選擇提出質(zhì)疑。你們知道自己想過什么樣的生活，也知道你們將行的道路不一定會(huì)把你們帶到想去的地方。這樣其實(shí)很好。某種程度上，我倒希望這是我們的錯(cuò)。我們一直在標(biāo)榜人生，像鏡子一樣照出未來(lái)你們的模樣，思考你們?cè)趺纯梢赃^得幸福，探索你們?cè)鯓硬拍苋プ鲂?duì)社會(huì)有價(jià)值的事：這些也許是文理教育可以給你們“裝備”的最有價(jià)值的東西（liberal arts education，可以譯為自由思考的藝術(shù)的教育）。文理教育要求你們要活得“明白”。它使你探索和定義你做的每件事情背后的價(jià)值。它讓你成為一個(gè)經(jīng)常分析和反省自己的人。而這樣的人完全能夠掌控自己的人生或未來(lái)。從這個(gè)道理上講，文理——照它的字面意思——才使你們自由。學(xué)文理可以讓你有機(jī)會(huì)去進(jìn)行理論的實(shí)踐，去發(fā)現(xiàn)你所做的選擇的價(jià)值。想過上有價(jià)值的，幸福的生活，最可靠的途徑就是為了你的目標(biāo)去奮斗。不要安于現(xiàn)狀得過且過。隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備著改變?nèi)松牡缆?。記住我們?duì)你們的我覺得是“過于崇高”的期待，可能你們自己也承認(rèn)那些期待是有點(diǎn)“太高了”。不過如果想做些對(duì)于你們自己或是這個(gè)世界有點(diǎn)價(jià)值的事情，記住它們，它們將會(huì)像北斗一樣指引著你們。你們?nèi)松膬r(jià)值將由你們?nèi)?shí)現(xiàn)！我都等不及想看看你們都最終會(huì)如何。畢業(yè)以后和學(xué)校常聯(lián)系，?；亍凹摇笨纯?，讓我們了解你們的情況。
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